Frit
Frit is an intermediate product in the manufacture of ceramic glazes, essential to control and improve the final properties of the glazed piece. It is obtained by melting a carefully formulated mixture of oxides (such as silica, metal oxides, borates, aluminates) at very high temperatures, usually in a kiln specifically designed for its production. Once molten, the resulting vitreous mass is rapidly cooled (e.g., by pouring it into cold water) to obtain a brittle glass, known as "raw frit". This glass is then ground to a fine, homogeneous powder. Frit production is a highly specialized branch of the ceramic industry, with laboratories dedicated to formulating compositions to achieve innovative effects and improve the technical properties of glazes.
Frit serves several purposes: first, it helps stabilize reactive compounds, reducing the volatility and toxicity of certain components, such as lead or barium, by incorporating them into the glassy network. This makes glaze handling safer and the finished piece complies with food safety standards. In addition, frits allow precise control of the chemical composition of the glaze, which translates into greater predictability and reproducibility of firing results. As a result, glazes can be created with very specific colors, gloss, textures and degrees of transparency, adapted to different climates, kiln atmospheres and firing temperatures.Interesting Fact
The use of frits in Islamic and later in European ceramics was crucial for the expansion of the chromatic palette and the quality of the glazes, stimulating cultural and technological exchange between regions in antiquity and the Middle Ages.Helpful Tip
When working with frits, use appropriate protective equipment (masks, gloves, goggles) to avoid inhaling dust. Keep a detailed record of compositions and firing results to refine your glaze formulation and ensure reliable repetition of the desired effects.
